1. Francium is the biggest element with the with the lowest IE and EN. Francium has the largest atomic radius, which means that the electrons are futher away from the nucleus. It has the largest atomic radius because of its placement on the periodic table. The bottom left corner of the periodic table have bigger atoms than atoms in the upper right corner. Vertically, francium has the most number of shells. And from right to left, it has fewer protons, which has a weaker attraction to its electrons. The electrons aren't that attracted to the nucleus, it's easy for the electrons to be pulled away. Since francium is in the first column, it has only one valence electron. It doesn't have a full valence shell. Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Since the atom is big, the electrons have a weak attraction to the nucleus, it has a low IE. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to gain electrons from other atoms. Because of the weak attraction to the nucleus, francium has the lowest EN. It's easy for electrons to be gained.
2. Helium is the smallest atom with the highest IE. Helium is the smallest atom on the periodic table because it's in the upper left corner. The electrons are closer to the nucleus which gives helium the small atomic radius. Helium has the highest IE because it takes more energy to remove an electron from the atom. The attraction of the electrons to the nucleus is the strongest of all the elements, therefore, it has the highest IE.
3. Noble gases don't have EN values because of their stability. Their valence shell is full of valence electrons. Noble gases have eight electrons on their valence shell, which makes a full shell. Since they have a full shell, they don't need or want to gain any more electrons. So their EN is undefined.
4. Flourine has the highest EN value because it's the smallest element, disregarding the noble gases. It has the fewest number of shells and more protons so it attracts its electrons, making it small. Small atoms have highest EN. Since flourine is the smallest element besides the noble gases, it has the highest EN.
Thursday, October 7, 2010
Friday, September 3, 2010
Silicon is Element #14
1. Silicon's name in different languages are Silicium (French and Dutch), Kisel (Swedish), and Silicio (Italian and Spanish). Silicon got its name from the person who discovered it, Jöns Jacob Berzelius. He named silicon by its characteristics. Silicon is derived from the Latin word "silicis" which means "flint."
Silicon's symbol is Si:
2.This is what silicon look like as a pure element.
3. Silicon's average atomic mass is 28.97 ma/u. Naturally occurring isotopes are 28Si 29Si and 30Si. Their natural abundance’s are 92.2297 %, 4.6832%, and 3.0872% respectively. There are 14 neutrons and protons in 28Si.
4. Silicon has 14 electrons. There are three shells of electrons.
5. Silicon's atomic radius is 2352ˉ¹º meters.
To measure length. Obviously, an atom is too small for a ruler to measure.
6. Some of the properties of silicon in its pure element form are: melting point, 1414 °C; boiling point, 2900 °C; and density, 2330 kg mˉ³.
Thermometers to measure silicons melting and boiling points.
7. Silicon make up 25.7% of Earth’s crust. There is 700000 ppb by weight of silicon in the universe and 270000000 ppb (parts per billion) by weight of silicon in Earth’s crust. I, Michelle, weigh 127 pounds so there would be 14.99 grams of silicon in my body.
8. Some compounds that silicon forms are silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4), silicon oxide (SiO2), silicon sulphide (SiS2), and trisilicon tetrantitride (Si3N4).
Pictures:
silicon oxide, silicon tetrachloride, silicon sulphide, and trisilicon tetrantitride respectively
9. Jons Jacob Berzelius is generally considered the man who discovered silicon. Silicon bonds tightly with oxygen and he found out how to separate silicon from oxygen. Berzelius accomplished the task by mixing potassium metal with potassium silicon fluoride and the outcome was silicon! This was accomplished in 1823. It probably happened in Sweden because Berzelius is a Swedish scientist.
10. I, Silicon, perform a bunch of jobs in human society. A long time ago, ancient people used me to build sandstone temples and their clay huts. They didn’t know it but they were using compounds of me. Today, 2010, I upgraded to modern technology. People use me in electronic devices such as transistors and parts for computer circuits. I’m also in pretty much every type of glass you’ll find!
11. I, Silicon, am a very friendly element. I get along with many elements, especially the elements on the earth. I am quite fond of oxygen. Oxygen and I go way back, even till the late 1700s. Oxygen and I are equivalent to peanut butter and jelly in your world. We stick together through everything. So when the mad scientist, Sir Humphry Davy attempted to separate us by melting us and putting us through an electric current, we still stayed tight. Berzelius, the smart scientist who is credited with discovering me, eventually came up with a way to have my beloved oxygen leave me. He melted potassium metal and mixed it with another compound. Of course, oxygen couldn't resist the hot, shiny, element so oxygen left me. Then I was all alone and became an element no longer with oxygen.
Oxygen leaving its and silicons tight bonds.
12. Reference: http://www.webelements.com/
Silicon's symbol is Si:
2.This is what silicon look like as a pure element.
3. Silicon's average atomic mass is 28.97 ma/u. Naturally occurring isotopes are 28Si 29Si and 30Si. Their natural abundance’s are 92.2297 %, 4.6832%, and 3.0872% respectively. There are 14 neutrons and protons in 28Si.
4. Silicon has 14 electrons. There are three shells of electrons.
5. Silicon's atomic radius is 2352ˉ¹º meters.
To measure length. Obviously, an atom is too small for a ruler to measure.6. Some of the properties of silicon in its pure element form are: melting point, 1414 °C; boiling point, 2900 °C; and density, 2330 kg mˉ³.
Thermometers to measure silicons melting and boiling points.7. Silicon make up 25.7% of Earth’s crust. There is 700000 ppb by weight of silicon in the universe and 270000000 ppb (parts per billion) by weight of silicon in Earth’s crust. I, Michelle, weigh 127 pounds so there would be 14.99 grams of silicon in my body.
8. Some compounds that silicon forms are silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4), silicon oxide (SiO2), silicon sulphide (SiS2), and trisilicon tetrantitride (Si3N4).
Pictures:
silicon oxide, silicon tetrachloride, silicon sulphide, and trisilicon tetrantitride respectively
9. Jons Jacob Berzelius is generally considered the man who discovered silicon. Silicon bonds tightly with oxygen and he found out how to separate silicon from oxygen. Berzelius accomplished the task by mixing potassium metal with potassium silicon fluoride and the outcome was silicon! This was accomplished in 1823. It probably happened in Sweden because Berzelius is a Swedish scientist.
10. I, Silicon, perform a bunch of jobs in human society. A long time ago, ancient people used me to build sandstone temples and their clay huts. They didn’t know it but they were using compounds of me. Today, 2010, I upgraded to modern technology. People use me in electronic devices such as transistors and parts for computer circuits. I’m also in pretty much every type of glass you’ll find!
11. I, Silicon, am a very friendly element. I get along with many elements, especially the elements on the earth. I am quite fond of oxygen. Oxygen and I go way back, even till the late 1700s. Oxygen and I are equivalent to peanut butter and jelly in your world. We stick together through everything. So when the mad scientist, Sir Humphry Davy attempted to separate us by melting us and putting us through an electric current, we still stayed tight. Berzelius, the smart scientist who is credited with discovering me, eventually came up with a way to have my beloved oxygen leave me. He melted potassium metal and mixed it with another compound. Of course, oxygen couldn't resist the hot, shiny, element so oxygen left me. Then I was all alone and became an element no longer with oxygen.
Oxygen leaving its and silicons tight bonds.12. Reference: http://www.webelements.com/
Friday, August 27, 2010
First Blog of 2010 by Michelle
Welcome to my blog. This blog is for Mr. Olson's Chemistry class.
I love to play soccer. I've been playing since I was five or six. I play during the fall, winter, and spring. I don't play in any league during the summer but I still go out to play with friends. I also love hanging out with friends around the town, at the park, and at each other's houses. I was out everyday during this summer with friends. Meeting new people is really fun. I love making new friends.
I dream to accomplish becoming an optometrist, or forensic scientist. With hard work starting now in high school, hopefully I'll be able to go to a good college and get a good job afterward. I also dream to accomplish my bucket list, my list of things to do before I die. As of right now, I have about 30 things on that list. Some of the things are simple like flying a kite or trying a funnel cake, while other things are a little bigger like skydiving and going to Australia. Hopefully, I'll be able to finish my bucket list.
--michelle
I love to play soccer. I've been playing since I was five or six. I play during the fall, winter, and spring. I don't play in any league during the summer but I still go out to play with friends. I also love hanging out with friends around the town, at the park, and at each other's houses. I was out everyday during this summer with friends. Meeting new people is really fun. I love making new friends.
I dream to accomplish becoming an optometrist, or forensic scientist. With hard work starting now in high school, hopefully I'll be able to go to a good college and get a good job afterward. I also dream to accomplish my bucket list, my list of things to do before I die. As of right now, I have about 30 things on that list. Some of the things are simple like flying a kite or trying a funnel cake, while other things are a little bigger like skydiving and going to Australia. Hopefully, I'll be able to finish my bucket list.
--michelle
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